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USMARC Concise Authority: See From Tracing Fields (4XX)

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Fields 400-485, the See From tracing fields, are used to identify unauthorized forms of headings and other variants not chosen as an authorized form. General information about these USMARC data elements is presented in the Tracing and References--General Information section. See From tracings are recorded in one of the following fields:

• 400 - SEE FROM TRACING--PERSONAL NAME (R)
• 410 - SEE FROM TRACING--CORPORATE NAME (R)
• 411 - SEE FROM TRACING--MEETING NAME (R)
• 430 - SEE FROM TRACING--UNIFORM TITLE (R)
• 450 - SEE FROM TRACING--TOPICAL TERM (R)
• 451 - SEE FROM TRACING--GEOGRAPHIC NAME (R)
• 455 - SEE FROM TRACING--GENRE/FORM TERM (R)
• 480 - SEE FROM TRACING--GENERAL SUBDIVISION (R)
• 481 - SEE FROM TRACING--GEOGRAPHIC SUBDIVISION (R)
• 482 - SEE FROM TRACING--CHRONOLOGICAL SUBDIVISION (R)
• 485 - SEE FROM TRACING--FORM SUBDIVISION (R)

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400 - SEE FROM TRACING--PERSONAL NAME (R)

A tracing for a personal name see from reference that is used in established heading records to trace a see from reference from a personal name not used to an established heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

• First - Type of personal name entry element
  • 0 - Forename
  • 1 - Surname
  • 3 - Family name
• Second - Undefined
  Contains a blank (#).

Subfield Codes

• $a - Personal name (NR)
• $b - Numeration (NR)
• $c - Titles and other words associated with a name (R)
• $d - Dates associated with a name (NR)
• $e - Relator term (R)
• $f - Date of a work (NR)
• $g - Miscellaneous information (NR)
• $h - Medium (NR)
• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $k - Form subheading (R)
• $l - Language of a work (NR)
• $m - Medium of performance for music (R)
• $n - Number of part/section of a work (R)
• $o - Arranged statement for music (NR)
• $p - Name of part/section of a work (R)
• $q - Fuller form of name (NR)
• $r - Key for music (NR)
• $s - Version (NR)
• $t - Title of a work (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

400	1#$aSingh, Bhagat, $d1921-
400	1#$aBeethoven, Ludwig van, $d1770-1827. $tKonzert fur Violine und Orchester D-Dur op. 61
400	1#$aBlackbeard, Author of, $d1777-1852
400	0#$aAuthor of Blackbeard, $d1777-1852
400	0#$aJesus Christ $xInterpretations, New Testament
400	3#$aAngio, House of
400	1#$aCampbell, Stan. $tBibleLog for adults. $pThru the Old Testament series

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410 - SEE FROM TRACING--CORPORATE NAME (R)

A tracing for a corporate name see from reference that is used in established heading records to trace a see from reference from a corporate name not used to an established heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

• First - Type of corporate name entry element
  • 0 - Inverted name
  • 1 - Jurisdiction name
  • 2 - Name in direct order
• Second - Undefined
  Contains a blank (#).

Subfield Codes

• $a - Corporate name or jurisdiction name as entry element (NR)
• $b - Subordinate unit (R)
• $c - Location of meeting (NR)
• $d - Date of meeting or treaty signing (R)
• $e - Relator term (R)
• $f - Date of a work (NR)
• $g - Miscellaneous information (NR)
• $h - Medium (NR)
• $i - Explanatory text (R)
• $k - Form subheading (R)
• $l - Language of a work (NR)
• $m - Medium of performance for music (R)
• $n - Number of part/section/meeting (R)
• $o - Arranged statement for music (NR)
• $p - Name of part/section of a work (R)
• $r - Key for music (NR)
• $s - Version (NR)
• $t - Title of a work (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Examples

410	1#$aHonduras. $bEstudios Territoriales, Oficina de
410	1#$aVenezuela. $tAmendment of exchange agreement no. 2
410	1#$aSan Francisco (Calif.). $bChinatown
410	2#$aCISNU
410	2#$wnnaa $aConfoderation Iranischer Studenten
410	2#$aPierre Lherminier (Firm)
410	2#$aCentro de Estudios de Historia de Mexico. $kManuscript. $sCodice Condumex
410	2#$aMuseum of Northern Arizona. $tBiology research report

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411 - SEE FROM TRACING--MEETING NAME (R)

A tracing for a meeting name see from reference that is used in established heading records to trace a see from reference from a meeting name not used to an established heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

• First - Type of meeting name entry element
  • 0 - Inverted name
  • 1 - Jurisdiction name
  • 2 - Name in direct order
• Second - Undefined
  Contains a blank (#).

Subfield Codes

• $a - Meeting name or jurisdiction name as entry element (NR)
• $c - Location of meeting (NR)
• $d - Date of meeting (NR)
• $e - Subordinate unit (R)
• $f - Date of a work (NR)
• $g - Miscellaneous information (NR)
• $h - Medium (NR)
• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $k - Form subheading (R)
• $l - Language of a work (NR)
• $n - Number of part/section/meeting (R)
• $p - Name of part/section of a work (R)
• $q - Name of meeting following jurisdiction name entry element (NR)
• $s - Version (NR)
• $t - Title of a work (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Examples

111	2#$aInternational Symposium on Laser Anemometry
411	2#$aSymposium on Laser Anemometry, International
411	1#$wnnaa $aBayreuth, Ger. (City). $qFestspiele. $eOrchester
411	2#$aJakob-Stainer-Symposium $d(1983 : $cInnsbruck, Austria)
411	2#$aInternational Population Conference $d(1959 : $cVienna, Austria). $eArbeitsausschuss des Kongresses
411	2#$aCarlsberg Expedition to Phoenicia $d(1958-1959). $tPublications of the Carlsberg Expedition to Phoenicia

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430 - SEE FROM TRACING--UNIFORM TITLE (R)

A tracing for a uniform title see from reference that is used in established heading records to trace a see from reference from a uniform title not used to an established heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

• First - Undefined
  Contains a blank (#).
• Second - Nonfiling characters
  Contains a value that specifies the number of character positions associated with a definite or indefinite article (e.g., Le, An) at the beginning of a title that are disregarded in sorting and filing processes.

Subfield Codes

• $a - Uniform title (NR)
• $d - Date of treaty signing (R)
• $f - Date of a work (NR)
• $g - Miscellaneous information (NR)
• $h - Medium (NR)
• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $k - Form subheading (R)
• $l - Language of a work (NR)
• $m - Medium of performance for music (R)
• $n - Number of part/section of a work (R)
• $o - Arranged statement for music (NR)
• $p - Name of part/section of a work (R)
• $r - Key for music (NR)
• $s - Version (NR)
• $t - Title of a work (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Examples

430	#0$aChronicles of Narnia (Collier Books (Firm))
430	#0$aGestion (Presses universitaires de France)
430	#0$aBible $xInfluence $yMiddle Ages
430	#0$aBible $vAtlases
430	#0$aKoran $zIran

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450 - SEE FROM TRACING--TOPICAL TERM (R)

A tracing for a topical term see from reference that is used in established heading records to trace a see from reference from a topical heading not used to an established heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

Both undefined; each contains a blank (#)

Subfield Codes

• $a - Topical term or geographic name as entry element (NR)
• $b - Topical term following geographic name as entry element (NR)
• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Examples

450	##$aEnglish drama $xAfrican authors
450	##$aMusic $y15th century $xTheory
450	##$aExclamations (Linguistics)

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451 - SEE FROM TRACING--GEOGRAPHIC NAME (R)

A tracing for a geographic name see from reference that is used in established heading records to trace a see from reference from a geographic name not used to an established heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

Both undefined; each contains a blank (#)

Subfield Codes

• $a - Geographic name (NR)
• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Examples

451	##$aDipper (Constellation)
451	##$aAdirondacks (N.Y.)
451	##$aWashington Barracks (Washington, D.C.)
451	##$wnnaa $aMedina, Ohio
451	##$aWest Washington (D.C.) $vMaps

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455 - SEE FROM TRACING--GENRE/FORM TERM (R)

Contains a tracing for a genre/form term see from reference. It is used in an established heading and subdivision record to trace a see from reference from a genre/form term heading not used to an established heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

Both undefined; each contains a blank (#)

Subfield Codes

• $a - Genre/form term (NR)
• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Examples

455	##$aOperettas
455	##$aSci-fi
455	##$aPanoramic views

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480 - SEE FROM TRACING--GENERAL SUBDIVISION (R)

Contains a tracing for a general subdivision see from reference. It is used in a subdivision record to trace a see from reference from a general subdivision not used to an authorized heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

Both undefined; each contains a blank (#)

Subfield Codes

• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Examples

480	##$xKnowledge $xAesthetics
480	##$xViews on aesthetics
480	##$xViews on aesthetics
480	##$xSocial views
480	##$xViews on politics and society
480	##$xViews on society

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481 - SEE FROM TRACING--GEOGRAPHIC SUBDIVISION (R)

Contains a tracing for a geographic subdivision see from reference. It is used in a subdivision record to trace a see from reference from a geographic subdivision not used to an authorized heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

Both undefined; each contains a blank (#)

Subfield Codes

• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Example

481	##$zWashington (State) $zMount Rainier

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482 - SEE FROM TRACING--CHRONOLOGICAL SUBDIVISION (R)

Contains a tracing for a chronological subdivision see from reference. It is used in a subdivision record to trace a see from reference from a chronological subdivision not used to an authorized heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

Both undefined; each contains a blank (#)

Subfield Codes

• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Example

482	##$yPrimitive and early church, ca. 30-600

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485 - SEE FROM TRACING--FORM SUBDIVISION (R)

Contains a tracing for a form subdivision see from reference. It is used in a subdivision record to trace a see from reference from a form subdivision not used to an authorized heading.
Content designators defined for this field are generally the same as those for the corresponding 1XX field, where some descriptions can be found. The descriptions of subfield $w and subfield $i are given in the Tracings and References--General Information section.

Indicators

Both undefined; each contains a blank (#)

Subfield Codes

• $i - Reference instruction phrase (NR)
• $v - Form subdivision (R)
• $w - Control subfield (NR)
  • 0 - Special relationship
  • 1 - Tracing use restriction
  • 2 - Earlier form of heading
  • 3 - Reference display
• $x - General subdivision (R)
• $y - Chronological subdivision (R)
• $z - Geographic subdivision (R)
• $5 - Institution to which field applies (R)
• $6 - Linkage (NR)

Examples

485	##$vLieder
485	##$vArt songs
485	##$vJournals (Diaries)