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USMARC Concise Bibliographic: Control Field 008

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• 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION (NR)
• 008--ALL MATERIALS
• 008--BOOKS
• 008--COMPUTER FILES
• 008--MAPS
• 008--MUSIC
• 008--SERIALS
• 008--VISUAL MATERIALS
• 008--MIXED MATERIALS

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008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION (NR)

Forty character positions (00-39) that contain positionally-defined data elements that provide coded information about the record as a whole or about special bibliographic aspects of the item being cataloged. Character positions 00-17 and 35-39 are defined the same for all forms of material, with special considerations for position 06. Character positions 18-34 are generally defined differently for each specification, although some data elements are defined for more than one form of material. In such cases, they occupy the same character positions wherever they are defined.
Undefined character positions contain either a blank (#) or a fill character ( | ). Each defined character position must contain either a defined code or a fill character. The fill character is used in a defined character position when the National Level Requirement code is O (Optional) and no attempt is made to code the character position.
The character positions are presented in the following order in the field description: positions 00-17 and 35-39 for all formats, followed by a section for positions 18-34 for each of the seven specifications in the following order: Books, Computer Files, Maps, Music, Serials, Visual Materials, and Mixed Materials.
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008--ALL MATERIALS

Character Positions

• 00-05 - Date entered on file
  The computer-generated, six-character numeric string that indicates the date the USMARC record was created. The date is recorded in the pattern yymmdd.
• 06 - Type of date/publication status
  A one-character code that indicates that categorizes the type of dates given in 008/07-10 (Date 1) and 008/11-14 (Date 2). For serially-issued items, the code in 008/06 also indicates the publication status.
  The choice of code for 008/06 is made concurrently with a determination of the appropriate dates for 008/07-14. For most records data is derived from information in field 260 (Publication, Distribution, etc. (Imprint)), field 362 (Dates of Publication and/or Volume Designation), or from note fields.
  • b - No dates given; B.C. date involved
    Each character position in fields 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contains a blank (#).
  • c - Serial item currently published
    008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain 9999.
  • d - Serial item ceased publication
    008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain the ending date of publication.
  • e - Detailed date
    008/07-10 contain the year and 008/11-14 contain the month and day, recorded in the pattern mmdd.
  • i - Inclusive dates of collection
  • k - Range of years of bulk of collection
  • m - Multiple dates
    008/07-10 usually contain the beginning date and 008/11-14 the ending date.
  • n - Dates unknown
    Each character position in fields 008/07-10 and 008/11-14 contains a blank (#).
  • p - Date of distribution/release/issue and production/recording session when different
  • q - Questionable date
    008/07-10 contain the earliest possible date; 008/11-14 contain the latest possible date.
  • r - Reprint/reissue date and original date
    008/07-10 contain the date of reproduction or reissue; 008/11 -14 contain the date of the original, if known; blanks (####), if unknown.
  • s - Single known date/probable date
    008/07-10 contain the date; 008/11-14 contain blanks (####).
  • t - Publication date and copyright date
  • u - Serial status unknown
    008/07-10 contain the beginning date of publication; 008/11-14 contain 9999.
• 07-10 - Date 1
  The determination of dates for 008/07-10 is made concurrently with the choice of code for 008/06 (Type of date/publication status).
  • # - Date element is not applicable
  • u - Date element is totally or partially unknown
• 11-14 - Date 2
  The determination of dates for 008/11-14 is made concurrently with the choice of code for 008/06 (Type of date/publication status).
  • # - Date element is not applicable
  • u - Date element is totally or partially unknown
• 15-17 - Place of publication, production, or execution
  A two- or three-character USMARC code that indicates the place of publication, production, or execution. Two-character codes are left justified and the unused position contains a blank (#). (The code is taken from the USMARC Code List for Countries and is an authoritative-agency data element.)
  [OBSOLETE PRACTICE: For questionable place coding, the addition of q to a two-character place code and the use of a d, l, s, or v instead of a c, k, v, or u in a three-character place code.
• 35-37 - Language
  A three-character USMARC code that indicates the language of the item. (The code is taken from USMARC Code List for Languages and is an authoritative-agency data element.)
• 38 - Modified record
  A one-character code that indicates whether any data in a bibliographic record is a modification of information that appeared on the item being cataloged or that was intended to be included in the USMARC record. Codes are assigned a priority (recorded in the order of the following list) that determines which code is input when more than one code applies to the item.
  • # - Not modified
  • d - Dashed-on information omitted
  • o - Completely romanized/printed cards romanized
  • r - Completely romanized/printed cards in script
  • s - Shortened
    Some of the data has been omitted because the record would have exceeded the maximum length allowed by a particular system.
  • x - Missing characters
    Characters that could not be converted into machine-readable form due to character set limitations are missing from the record.
• 39 - Cataloging source
  A one-character code that indicates the creator of the original cataloging record. The NUC symbol or the name of the organization may be contained in subfield $a of field 040 (Cataloging Source).
  • # - National bibliographic agency
  • c - Cooperative cataloging program
    The creator of the bibliographic data is a participant (other than a national bibliographic agency) in a cooperative cataloging program.
  • d - Other
  • u - Unknown
    An organization has transcribed a manual bibliographic record from an unknown source.

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008--BOOKS

Character Positions

• 18-21 - Illustrations
  Up to four one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate the presence of types of illustrations in the item. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).
  • # - No illustrations
  • a - Illustrations
  • b - Maps
  • c - Portraits
  • d - Charts
  • e - Plans
  • f - Plates
  • g - Music
  • h - Facsimiles
  • i - Coats of arms
  • j - Genealogical tables
  • k - Forms
  • l - Samples
  • m - Phonodisc, phonowire, etc.
  • o - Photographs
  • p - Illuminations
• 22 - Target audience
  A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the item is intended.
  • # - Unknown or not specified
  • a - Preschool
  • b - Primary
  • c - Elementary and junior high
  • d - Secondary (senior high)
  • e - Adult
  • f - Specialized
  • g - General
  • j - Juvenile
• 23 - Form of item
  A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the item.
  • # - None of the following
  • a - Microfilm
  • b - Microfiche
  • c - Microopaque
  • d - Large print
  • f - Braille
  • r - Regular print reproduction
    Eye-readable print.
• 24-27 - Nature of contents
  Up to four one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate whether a significant part of the item is or contains certain types of material. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).
  • # - No specified nature of contents
  • a - Abstracts/summaries
    The item is or contains abstracts or summaries of other publications.
  • b - Bibliographies
  • c - Catalogs
  • d - Dictionaries
    This code is also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.
  • e - Encyclopedias
  • f - Handbooks
  • g - Legal articles
  • i - Indexes
    The item is or contains an index to bibliographical material other than itself.
  • j - Patent document
  • k - Discographies
  • l - Legislation
    The item is or contains full or partial texts of enactments of legislative bodies or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or administrative agencies.
  • m - Theses
    Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic certification or degree.
  • n - Surveys of literature in a subject area
    The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what has been published about a subject.
  • o - Reviews
    The item is or contains critical reviews of published or performed works.
  • p - Programmed texts
  • q - Filmographies
  • r - Directories
  • s - Statistics
  • t - Technical reports
  • v - Legal cases and case notes
  • w - Law reports and digests
  • z - Treaties
    Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated between two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship, grant rights, etc.
• 28 - Government publication
  A one-character code that indicates whether the item is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.
  • # - Not a government publication
  • a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
  • c - Multilocal
  • f - Federal/national
  • i - International intergovernmental
  • l - Local
  • m - Multistate
  • o - Government publication--level undetermined
  • s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
  • u - Unknown if item is government publication
  • z - Other
• 29 - Conference publication
  A one-character code that indicates whether the item consists of the proceedings, reports, or summaries of a conference.
  • 0 - Not a conference publication
  • 1 - Conference publication
• 30 - Festschrift
  A one-character code that indicates whether the item is a festschrift.
  • 0 - Not a festschrift
  • 1 - Festschrift
• 31 - Index
  A one-character code that indicates whether the item includes an index to its own contents.
  • 0 - No index
  • 1 - Index present
• 32 - Undefined
  Contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 33 - Literary form
  Indicates the literary form of an item. Numeric codes 0 and 1 provide a generic identification of whether or not the item is a work of fiction. Alphabetic codes may be used to identify specific literary forms.
  • 0 - Not fiction (not further specified)
  • 1 - Fiction (not further specified)
  • c - Comic strips
  • d - Dramas
  • e - Essays
  • f - Novels
  • h - Humor, satires, etc.
    Indicates that the item is a humorous work, satire, or of a similar literary form.
  • i - Letters
    Indicates that the item is a single letter or collection of correspondence.
  • j - Short stories
    Indicates that the item is a short story or collection of short stories.
  • m - Mixed forms
    Indicates that the items represents a variety of literary forms (e.g., poetry and short stories).
  • p - Poetry
  • s - Speeched
  • u - Unknown
• 34 - Biography
  A one-character code that indicates whether the item contains biographical material, and, if so, what the biographical characteristics are.
  • # - No biographical material autobiography
  • a - Autobiography
  • b - Individual biography
  • c - Collective biography
  • d - Contains biographical information

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008--COMPUTER FILES

Character Positions

• 18-21 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 20-21 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or a fill character ( | )
• 22 - Target audience
  A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the item (primarily educational computer file material) is intended.
  • # - Unknown or not specified
  • a - Preschool
  • b - Primary
    Kindergarten through the third grade.
  • c - Elementary and junior high
  • d - Secondary (senior high)
  • e - Adult
  • f - Specialized
  • g - General
  • j - Juvenile
• 23-25 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 26 - Type of computer file
  A one-character code that indicates the type of computer file described in the bibliographic record.
  • a - Numeric data
  • b - Computer program
  • c - Representational
    Pictorial or graphic information that can be manipulated in conjunction with other types of files to produce graphic patterns that can be used to interpret and give meaning to the information.
  • d - Document
  • e - Bibliographic data
  • f - Font
  • g - Game
  • h - Sound
  • i - Interactive multimedia
  • j - Online system or service
  • m - Combination
  • u - Unknown
  • z - Other
• 27 - Undefined
  Contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 28 - Government publication
  A one-character code that indicates whether the computer file is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.
  • # - Not a government publication
  • a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
  • c - Multilocal
  • f - Federal/national
  • i - International intergovernmental
  • l - Local
  • m - Multistate
  • o - Government publication--level undetermined
  • s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
  • u - Unknown if item is government publication
  • z - Other
• 29-34 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )

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008--MAPS

Character Positions

• 18-21 - Relief
  Up to four one-character codes that indicate the relief type specified on the item. Codes are recorded in order of their importance to the described item. If fewer than four codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).
  • # - No relief shown
  • a - Contours
  • b - Shading
  • c - Gradient and bathymetric tints
  • d - Hachures
  • e - Bathymetry/soundings
  • f - Form lines
  • g - Spot heights
  • i - Pictorially
  • j - Land forms
  • k - Bathymetry/isolines
  • m - Rock drawings
  • z - Other relief type
• 22-23 - Projection
  A two-character code that indicates the projection used in producing the item.
  • ## - Projection not specified
  • aa - Aitoff
  • ab - Gnomic
  • ac - Lambert's azimuthal equal area
  • ad - Orthographic
  • ae - Azimuthal equidistant
  • af - Stereographic
  • ag - General vertical near-sided
  • am - Modified stereographic for Alaska
  • an - Chamberlin trimetric
  • ap - Polar stereographic
  • au - Azimuthal, specific type unknown
  • az - Azimuthal, other
  • ba - Gall
  • bb - Goode's homolographic
  • bc - Lambert's cylindrical equal area
  • bd - Mercator
  • be - Miller
  • bf - Mollweide
  • bg - Sinusoidal
  • bh - Transverse Mercator
  • bi - Gauss-Kruger
  • bj - Equirectangular
  • bo - Oblique Mercator
  • br - Robinson
  • bs - Space oblique Mercator
  • bu - Cylindrical, specific type unknown
  • bz - Cylindrical, other
  • ca - Alber's equal area
  • cb - Bonne
  • cc - Lambert's conformal conic
  • ce - Equidistant conic
  • cp - Polyconic
  • cu - Conic, specific type unknown
  • cz - Conic, other
  • da - Armadillo
  • db - Butterfly
  • dc - Eckert
  • dd - Goode's homolosine
  • de - Miller's bipolar oblique conformal conic
  • df - Van Der Grinten
  • dg - Dimaxion
  • dh - Cordiform
  • dl - Lambert conformal
  • zz - Other
• 24 - Undefined; contains a blank (#) or a fill character ( | )
• 25 - Type of cartographic material
  A one-character code that indicates the type of nonbook cartographic item described in the bibliographic record.
  • a - Single map
  • b - Map series
    A number of related but physically separate and bibliographically distinct cartographic units intended by the producer or issuing body to form a single group.
  • c - Map serial
    A cartographic publication issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely.
  • d - Globe
  • e - Atlas
  • f - Separate map supplement to another work
  • g - Map bound as part of another work
  • u - Unknown
  • z - Other
• 26-27 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 28 - Government publication
  A one-character code that indicates whether the item is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.
  • # - Not a government publication
  • a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
  • c - Multilocal
  • f - Federal/national
  • i - International intergovernmental
  • l - Local
  • m - Multistate
  • o - Government publication--level undetermined
  • s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
  • u - Unknown if item is government publication
  • z - Other
• 29-30 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 31 - Index
  A one-character code that indicates whether the item or accompanying material includes a location index or gazetteer.
  • 0 - No index
  • 1 - Index present
• 32 - Undefined
  Contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 33-34 - Special format characteristics
  Up to two one-character codes that indicate the special format characteristics of the map. Codes are recorded in order of their importance to the described item. If only one code is assigned, it is left justified and the unused position contains a blank (#).
  • # - No specified special format characteristics
  • e - Manuscript
  • j - Picture card, post card
  • k - Calendar
  • l - Puzzle
  • m - Braille
  • n - Game
  • o - Wall map
  • p - Playing cards
  • q - Large print
  • r - Loose-leaf
  • z - Other

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008--MUSIC

Character Positions

• 18-19 - Form of composition
  A two-character code that indicates the form of composition of printed or manuscript music or a musical sound recording. The codes are based on Library of Congress subject headings. If more than one code is appropriate, the code mu (Multiple forms) is used in 008/18-19 and all appropriate specific codes are given in field 047 (Form of Composition).
  • an - Anthems
  • bd - Ballads
  • bg - Bluegrass music
  • bl - Blues
  • bt - Ballets
  • ca - Chaconnes
  • cb - Chants, Other religions
  • cc - Chant, Christian
  • cg - Concerti grossi
  • ch - Chorales
  • cl - Chorale preludes
  • cn - Canons and rounds
  • co - Concertos
  • cp - Chansons, polyphonic
  • cr - Carols
  • cs - Chance compositions
  • ct - Cantatas
  • cy - Country music
  • cz - Canzonas
  • df - Dance forms
    Separate codes are defined for mazurkas, minuets, pavans, polonaises, and waltzes.
  • dv - Divertimentos, serenades, cassations, divertissements, notturni
  • fg - Fugues
  • fm - Folk music
  • ft - Fantasias
  • gm - Gospel music
  • hy - Hymns
  • jz - Jazz
  • mc - Musical revues and comedies
  • md - Madrigals
  • mi - Minuets
  • mo - Motets
  • mp - Motion picture music
  • mr - Marches
  • ms - Masses
  • mu - Multiple forms
  • mz - Mazurkas
  • nc - Nocturnes
  • nn - Not applicable
  • op - Operas
  • or - Oratorios
  • ov - Overtures
  • pg - Program music
  • pm - Passion music
  • po - Polonaises
  • pp - Popular music
  • pr - Preludes
  • ps - Passacaglias
  • pt - Part-songs
  • pv - Pavans
  • rc - Rock music
  • rd - Rondos
  • rg - Ragtime music
  • ri - Ricercars
  • rp - Rhapsodies
  • rq - Requiems
  • sd - Square dance music
  • sg - Songs
  • sn - Sonatas
  • sp - Symphonic poems
  • st - Studies and exercises
  • su - Suites
  • sy - Symphonies
  • tc - Toccatas
  • ts - Trio-sonatas
  • uu - Unknown
  • vr - Variations
  • wz - Waltzes
  • zz - Other
• 20 - Format of music
  A one-character code that indicates the format of a printed or manuscript music composition.
  • a - Full score
  • b - Full score, miniature or study size
  • c - Accompaniment reduced for keyboard
  • d - Voice score
  • e - Condensed score or piano-conductor score
  • g - Close score
  • m - Multiple score formats
  • n - Not applicable
  • u - Unknown
  • z - Other
• 21 - Undefined
  Contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 22 - Target audience
  Indicates the audience for which the item is intended.
  • # - Unknown or not specified
  • a - Preschool
  • b - Primary
  • c - Elementary and junior high
  • d - Secondary (senior high)
  • e - Adult
  • f - Specialized
  • g - General
  • j - Juvenile
• 23 - Form of item
  A one-character code that indicates the form of material for printed or manuscript music.
  • # - None of the following
  • a - Microfilm
  • b - Microfiche
  • c - Microopaque
  • d - Large print
  • f - Braille
  • r - Regular print reproduction
    Eye-readable print.
• 24-29 - Accompanying matter
  Up to six one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate the contents of program notes and other accompanying material for the sound recording, manuscript music, or printed music. If fewer than six codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).
  • # - No accompanying matter
  • a - Discography
  • b - Bibliography
  • c - Thematic index
  • d - Libretto or text
  • e - Biography of composer or author
  • f - Biography of performer or history of ensemble
  • g - Technical and/or historical information on instruments
  • h - Technical information on music
  • i - Historical information
  • k - Ethnological information
  • r - Instructional materials
  • s - Music
  • z - Other
• 30-31 - Literary text for sound recordings
  Up to two one-character codes (recorded in the order of the following list) that indicate the type of literary text contained in the nonmusical sound recording. If only one code is assigned, it is left justified and the unused position contains a blank (#).
  • # - Item is a musical sound recording
  • a - Autobiography
  • b - Biography
  • c - Conference proceedings
  • d - Drama
  • e - Essays
  • f - Fiction
  • g - Reporting
  • h - History
  • i - Instruction
  • j - Language instruction
  • k - Comedy
  • l - Lectures, speeches
  • m - Memoirs
  • n - Not applicable
  • o - Folktales
  • p - Poetry
  • r - Rehearsals
  • s - Sounds
  • t - Interviews
  • z - Other
• 32-34 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )

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008--SERIALS

Character Positions

• 18 - Frequency
  A one-character code that indicates the frequency of the serial; used in conjunction with 008/19 (Regularity).
  • # - No determinable frequency
    Frequency is intentionally irregular.
  • a - Annual
  • b - Bimonthly
    Includes 6, 7, or 8 numbers a year.
  • c - Semiweekly
  • d - Daily
  • e - Biweekly
  • f - Semiannual
    Includes 2 numbers a year.
  • g - Biennial
  • h - Triennial
  • i - Three times a week
  • j - Three times a month
  • m - Monthly
    Includes 9, 10, 11, or 12 numbers a year.
  • q - Quarterly
    Includes 4 numbers a year.
  • s - Semimonthly
  • t - Three times a year
  • u - Unknown
  • w - Weekly
  • z - Other
• 19 - Regularity
  A one-character code that indicates the intended regularity of the serial; used in conjunction with 008/18 (Frequency).
  • n - Normalized irregular
    Predictable irregularity pattern.
  • r - Regular
  • u - Unknown
  • x - Completely irregular
    The frequency is known to be intentionally irregular (008/18, code #) or the frequency is expressed on the item as numbers per year.
• 20 - ISSN center
  A one-character code that indicates the ISSN center responsible for assigning and maintaining certain data in the bibliographic record.
  • # - No ISSN center code assigned
    Used by U.S. organizations other than CONSER participants and the National Serials Data Program (NSDP).
  • 0 - International Center
    The ISSN center is in Paris, France.
  • 1 - United States
    The United States National Serials Data Program.
  • 4 - Canada
    The ISDS/Canada center.
  • z - Other
• 21 - Type of serial
  A one-character code that indicates the type of serial.
  • # - None of the following
    This code is also used for yearbooks and annual reports.
  • m - Monographic series
  • n - Newspaper
  • p - Periodical
• 22 - Form of original item
  A one-character code that indicates the form of material in which the serial was originally published.
  • # - None of the following
  • a - Microfilm
  • b - Microfiche
  • c - Microopaque
  • d - Large print
  • e - Newspaper format
  • f - Braille
• 23 - Form of item
  A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the serial.
  • # - None of the following
  • a - Microfilm
  • b - Microfiche
  • c - Microopaque
  • d - Large print
  • f - Braille
  • r - Regular print reproduction
    Eye-readable print.
• 24 - Nature of entire work
  A one-character code that indicates the nature of the serial if it consists entirely of a certain type of material. If more than one code is applicable, 008/24 contains a # and up to three codes may be recorded in 008/25-27 (Nature of contents).
  • # - No specified nature of entire work
  • a - Abstracts/summaries
    The item consists of abstracts or summaries of other publications.
  • b - Bibliographies
  • c - Catalogs
  • d - Dictionaries
    This code is also used for a glossary or a gazetteer.
  • e - Encyclopedias
  • f - Handbooks
  • g - Legal articles
  • h - Biography
  • i - Indexes
    The item consists of an index to bibliographical material other than itself.
  • k - Discographies
  • l - Legislation
    The item consists of full or partial texts of enactments of legislative bodies or texts of rules and regulations issued by executive or administrative agencies.
  • m - Theses
    Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic certification or degree.
  • n - Surveys of literature in a subject area
    The item is or contains authored surveys that summarize what has been published about a subject.
  • o - Reviews
    The item consists of critical reviews of published or performed works.
  • p - Programmed texts
  • q - Filmographies
  • r - Directories
  • s - Statistics
  • t - Technical reports
  • v - Legal cases and case notes
  • w - Law reports and digests
  • z - Treaties
    Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated between two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship, grant rights, etc.
• 25-27 - Nature of contents
  Up to three one-character codes (recorded in alphabetical order) that indicate that the serial contains certain types of materials. If fewer than three codes are assigned, the codes are left justified and each unused position contains a blank (#).
  See the descriptions of codes a, i, o, l, d, and n under 008/24.
  • # - No specified nature of contents
  • a - Abstracts/summaries
  • b - Bibliographies
  • c - Catalogs
  • d - Dictionaries
  • e - Encyclopedias
  • f - Handbooks
  • g - Legal articles
  • h - Biography
  • i - Indexes
  • k - Discographies
  • l - Legislation
  • m - Theses
    Indicates that the item is a thesis, dissertation, or work identified as having been created to satisfy the requirements for an academic certification or degree.
  • n - Surveys of literature in a subject area
  • o - Reviews
  • p - Programmed texts
  • q - Filmographies
  • r - Directories
  • s - Statistics
  • t - Technical reports
  • v - Legal cases and case notes
  • w - Law reports and digests
  • z - Treaties
    Indicates that the item is a treaty or accord negotiated between two or more parties to settle a disagreement, establish a relationship, grant rights, etc.
• 28 - Government publication
  A one-character code that indicates whether the serial is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.
  • # - Not a government publication
  • a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
  • c - Multilocal
  • f - Federal/national
  • i - International intergovernmental
  • l - Local
  • m - Multistate
  • o - Government publication--level undetermined
  • s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
  • u - Unknown if item is government publication
  • z - Other
• 29 - Conference publication
  A one-character code that indicates whether the serial consists of the proceedings, reports, or summaries of a conference.
  • 0 - Not a conference publication
  • 1 - Conference publication
• 30-32 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 33 - Original alphabet or script of title
  A one-character code that indicates the original alphabet or script of the language of the title on the source item upon which the key title (field 222) is based.
  • # - No alphabet or script given/no key title
    This code may relate to the title proper in field 245 when no key title is present.
  • a - Basic roman
    Includes no diacritics or special characters.
  • b - Extended roman
    Includes diacritics and special characters.
  • c - Cyrillic
  • d - Japanese
  • e - Chinese
  • f - Arabic
  • g - Greek
  • h - Hebrew
  • i - Thai
  • j - Devanagari
  • k - Korean
  • l - Tamil
  • u - Unknown
  • z - Other
    Includes instances of a title that incorporates words from more than one alphabet or script.
• 34 - Successive/latest entry
  A one-character code that indicates whether the serial was cataloged according to successive entry or latest entry cataloging conventions.
  • 0 - Successive entry
    A new bibliographic record is created each time a title changes or a corporate body used as a main entry or uniform title qualifier changes. The earlier or later title or author/title is recorded in a linking 780/785 field in each record.
  • 1 - Latest entry
    The serial is cataloged under its most recent title or issuing body (pre-AACR cataloging rules). All former titles and/or issuing bodies are given in notes (fields 247, 547, and 550).

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008--VISUAL MATERIALS

Character Positions

• 18-20 - Running time for motion pictures and videorecordings
  A three-digit number that indicates the total running time of the motion picture or videorecording. The number is right justified and each unused position contains a zero.
  • 000 - Running time exceeds three characters
  • 001-999 - Running time
  • --- - Running time unknown
  • nnn - Not applicable
• 21 - Undefined
  Contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 22 - Target audience
  A one-character code that indicates the audience for which the item (primarily educational audiovisual material) is intended.
  • # - Unknown or not specified
  • a - Preschool
  • b - Primary
    Kindergarten through the third grade.
  • c - Elementary and junior high
  • d - Secondary (senior high)
  • e - Adult
  • f - Specialized
  • g - General
  • j - Juvenile
• 23-27 - Undefined; each contains a blank (#) or a fill character ( | )
• 28 - Government publication
  A one-character code that indicates whether the item is published or produced by or for a government agency, and, if so, the jurisdictional level of the agency.
  • # - Not a government publication
  • a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component
  • c - Multilocal
  • f - Federal/national
  • i - International intergovernmental
  • l - Local
  • m - Multistate
  • o - Government publication--level undetermined
  • s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc.
  • u - Unknown if item is government publication
  • z - Other
• 29-32 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 33 - Type of visual material
  A one-character code that indicates the type of visual material item.
  • a - Art original
  • b - Kit
    An item that contains a mixture of components from two or more categories, no one of which is the predominant constituent of the item.
  • c - Art reproduction
  • d - Diorama
  • f - Filmstrip
  • g - Game
  • i - Picture
  • k - Graphic
  • l - Technical drawing
  • m - Motion picture
  • n - Chart
  • o - Flash card
  • p - Microscope slide
  • q - Model
  • r - Realia
  • s - Slide
  • t - Transparency
  • v - Videorecording
  • w - Toy
  • z - Other
• 34 - Technique
  A one-character code that indicates the technique used in creating motion in the motion picture or videorecording.
  • a - Animation
  • c - Animation and live action
  • l - Live action
  • n - Not applicable
    Item is not a motion picture or a videorecording.
  • u - Unknown
  • z - Other technique

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008--MIXED MATERIALS

Character Positions

• 18-22 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )
• 23 - Form of item
  A one-character code that indicates the form of material for the item.
  • # - None of the following
  • a - Microfilm
  • b - Microfiche
  • c - Microopaque
  • d - Large print
  • f - Braille
  • r - Regular print reproduction
• 24-34 - Undefined
  Each contains a blank (#) or fill character ( | )