USMARC FORMAT FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA: FIELD LIST
1994 Edition, including Update No. 1 (March 1995), Update No. 2 (March 1996), and Update No. 3 (July 1997)
Network Development and MARC Standards Office
This document lists all valid and obsolete data elements that may appear in USMARC bibliographic records. It is intended to meet the need for a simple data element list to support MARC system development and online validation of MARC data elements. This listing does not include any descriptions or examples of MARC data elements. Descriptions and examples can be found in the USMARC Concise Bibliographic Format.
--Control Field 008-- 008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION (NR) 008--ALL MATERIALS Character Positions 00-05 - Date entered on file 06 - Type of date/publication status b - No dates given; B.C. date involved c - Serial item currently published c - Actual date and copyright date [OBSOLETE] d - Serial item ceased publication d - Detailed date [OBSOLETE] e - Detailed date i - Inclusive dates of collection k - Range of years of bulk of collection m - Multiple dates n - Dates unknown p - Date of distribution/release/issue and production/recording session when different q - Questionable date r - Reprint/reissue date and original date s - Single known date/probable date t - Publication date and copyright date u - Serial status unknown 07-10 - Date 1 # - Date element is not applicable u - Date element is totally or partially unknown 11-14 - Date 2 # - Date element is not applicable u - Date element is totally or partially unknown 15-17 - Place of publication, production, or execution 35-37 - Language 38 - Modified record # - Not modified d - Dashed-on information omitted o - Completely romanized/printed cards romanized r - Completely romanized/printed cards in script s - Shortened x - Missing characters 39 - Cataloging source # - National bibliographic agency a - National Agricultural Library [OBSOLETE] b - National Library of Medicine [OBSOLETE] c - Cooperative cataloging program d - Other n - Report to New Serial Titles [OBSOLETE] u - Unknown 008--BOOKS Character Positions 18-21 - Illustrations # - No illustrations a - Illustrations b - Maps c - Portraits d - Charts e - Plans f - Plates g - Music h - Facsimiles i - Coats of arms j - Genealogical tables k - Forms l - Samples m - Phonodisc, phonowire, etc. o - Photographs p - Illuminations 22 - Target audience # - Unknown or not specified a - Preschool b - Primary c - Elementary and junior high d - Secondary (senior high) e - Adult f - Specialized g - General j - Juvenile 23 - Form of item # - None of the following a - Microfilm b - Microfiche c - Microopaque d - Large print f - Braille g - Punched paper tape [OBSOLETE] h - Magnetic tape [OBSOLETE] i - Multimedia [OBSOLETE] r - Regular print reproduction z - Other form of reproduction [OBSOLETE] 24-27 - Nature of contents # - No specified nature of contents a - Abstracts/summaries b - Bibliographies c - Catalogs d - Dictionaries e - Encyclopedias f - Handbooks g - Legal articles h - Handbooks [OBSOLETE] i - Indexes j - Patent document k - Discographies l - Legislation m - Theses n - Surveys of literature in a subject area o - Reviews p - Programmed texts q - Filmographies r - Directories s - Statistics t - Technical reports v - Legal cases and case notes w - Law reports and digests y - Yearbooks [OBSOLETE] z - Treaties 28 - Government publication # - Not a government publication a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component c - Multilocal f - Federal/national i - International intergovernmental l - Local m - Multistate n - Government publication--level undetermined [OBSOLETE] o - Government publication--level undetermined s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc. u - Unknown if item is government publication z - Other 29 - Conference publication 0 - Not a conference publication 1 - Conference publication 30 - Festschrift 0 - Not a festschrift 1 - Festschrift 31 - Index 0 - No index 1 - Index present 32 - Undefined 32 - Main entry in body of entry [OBSOLETE] 0 - Main entry not in body of entry 1 - Main entry in body of entry 33 - Literary form 0 - Not fiction (not further specified) 1 - Fiction (not further specified) c - Comic strips d - Dramas e - Essays f - Novels h - Humor, satires, etc. i - Letters j - Short stories m - Mixed forms p - Poetry s - Speeched u - Unknown 34 - Biography # - No biographical material autobiography a - Autobiography b - Individual biography c - Collective biography d - Contains biographical information 008--COMPUTER FILES Character Positions 18-21 - Undefined 18 - Frequency [OBSOLETE] # - No determinable frequency a - Annual b - Bimonthly c - Semiweekly d - Daily e - Biweekly f - Semiannual g - Biennial h - Triennial i - Three times a week j - Three times a month m - Monthly n - Not applicable q - Quarterly s - Semimonthly t - Three times a year u - Unknown w - Weekly z - Other frequencies 19 - Regularity [OBSOLETE] # - Not applicable n - Normalized irregular r - Regular u - Unknown x - Completely irregular 20-21 - Undefined 22 - Target audience # - Unknown or not specified a - Preschool b - Primary c - Elementary and junior high d - Secondary (senior high) e - Adult f - Specialized g - General j - Juvenile 23-25 - Undefined 26 - Type of computer file a - Numeric data b - Computer program c - Representational d - Document e - Bibliographic data f - Font g - Game h - Sound i - Interactive multimedia j - Online system or service m - Combination u - Unknown z - Other 27 - Undefined 27 - Type of machine [OBSOLETE] a - Computer readable z - Other 28 - Government publication # - Not a government publication a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component c - Multilocal f - Federal/national i - International intergovernmental l - Local m - Multistate o - Government publication--level undetermined s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc. u - Unknown if item is government publication z - Other 29-34 - Undefined 008--MAPS Character Positions 18-21 - Relief # - No relief shown a - Contours b - Shading c - Gradient and bathymetric tints d - Hachures e - Bathymetry/soundings f - Form lines g - Spot heights h - Color [OBSOLETE] i - Pictorially j - Land forms k - Bathymetry/isolines m - Rock drawings z - Other relief type 22-23 - Projection ## - Projection not specified aa - Aitoff ab - Gnomic ac - Lambert's azimuthal equal area ad - Orthographic ae - Azimuthal equidistant af - Stereographic ag - General vertical near-sided am - Modified stereographic for Alaska an - Chamberlin trimetric ap - Polar stereographic au - Azimuthal, specific type unknown az - Azimuthal, other ba - Gall bb - Goode's homolographic bc - Lambert's cylindrical equal area bd - Mercator be - Miller bf - Mollweide bg - Sinusoidal bh - Transverse Mercator bi - Gauss-Kruger bj - Equirectangular bo - Oblique Mercator br - Robinson bs - Space oblique Mercator bu - Cylindrical, specific type unknown bz - Cylindrical, other ca - Alber's equal area cb - Bonne cc - Lambert's conformal conic ce - Equidistant conic cp - Polyconic cu - Conic, specific type unknown cz - Conic, other da - Armadillo db - Butterfly dc - Eckert dd - Goode's homolosine de - Miller's bipolar oblique conformal conic df - Van Der Grinten dg - Dimaxion dh - Cordiform dl - Lambert conformal zz - Other 24 - Undefined; contains a blank (#) or a fill ( | ) character 24 - Prime meridian [OBSOLETE] # - Prime meridian not specified e - Greenwich f - Ferro g - Paris h - Other - [OBSOLETE] p - Philadelphia w - Washington, D.C. z - Other 25 - Type of cartographic material a - Single map b - Map series c - Map serial d - Globe e - Atlas f - Separate map supplement to another work g - Map bound as part of another work u - Unknown z - Other 26-27 - Undefined 26-27 - Publisher code [OBSOLETE] 28 - Government publication # - Not a government publication a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component c - Multilocal f - Federal/national i - International intergovernmental l - Local m - Multistate o - Government publication--level undetermined s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc. u - Unknown if item is government publication z - Other 29-30 - Undefined 31 - Index 0 - No index 1 - Index present 32 - Undefined 32 - Citation indicator [OBSOLETE] 33-34 - Special format characteristics # - No specified special format characteristics a - Photocopy, blue line print [OBSOLETE] b - Photocopy [OBSOLETE] c - Negative photocopy [OBSOLETE] d - Film negative [OBSOLETE] e - Manuscript f - Facsimile [OBSOLETE] g - Relief model [OBSOLETE] h - Rare [OBSOLETE] j - Picture card, post card k - Calendar l - Puzzle m - Braille n - Game o - Wall map p - Playing cards q - Large print r - Loose-leaf z - Other 008--MUSIC Character Positions 18-19 - Form of composition an - Anthems bd - Ballads bg - Bluegrass music bl - Blues bt - Ballets ca - Chaconnes cb - Chants, Other religions cc - Chant, Christian cg - Concerti grossi ch - Chorales cl - Chorale preludes cn - Canons and rounds co - Concertos cp - Chansons, polyphonic cr - Carols cs - Chance compositions ct - Cantatas cy - Country music cz - Canzonas df - Dance forms dv - Divertimentos, serenades, cassations, divertissements, notturni fg - Fugues fm - Folk music ft - Fantasias gm - Gospel music hy - Hymns jz - Jazz mc - Musical revues and comedies md - Madrigals mi - Minuets mo - Motets mp - Motion picture music mr - Marches ms - Masses mu - Multiple forms mz - Mazurkas nc - Nocturnes nn - Not applicable op - Operas or - Oratorios ov - Overtures pg - Program music pm - Passion music po - Polonaises pp - Popular music pr - Preludes ps - Passacaglias pt - Part-songs pv - Pavans rc - Rock music rd - Rondos rg - Ragtime music ri - Ricercars rp - Rhapsodies rq - Requiems sd - Square dance music sg - Songs sn - Sonatas sp - Symphonic poems st - Studies and exercises su - Suites sy - Symphonies tc - Toccatas ts - Trio-sonatas uu - Unknown vr - Variations wz - Waltzes zz - Other 20 - Format of music a - Full score b - Full score, miniature or study size c - Accompaniment reduced for keyboard d - Voice score e - Condensed score or piano-conductor score g - Close score m - Multiple score formats n - Not applicable u - Unknown z - Other 21 - Undefined 21 - Existence of parts [OBSOLETE] # - No parts exist a - Parts exist n - Not applicable u - Unknown 22 - Target audience # - Unknown or not specified a - Preschool b - Primary c - Elementary and junior high d - Secondary (senior high) e - Adult f - Specialized g - General j - Juvenile 23 - Form of item # - None of the following a - Microfilm b - Microfiche c - Microopaque d - Large print f - Braille g - Punched paper tape [OBSOLETE] h - Magnetic tape [OBSOLETE] i - Multimedia [OBSOLETE] r - Regular print reproduction x - Other form of reproduction [OBSOLETE] z - Other form of reproduction [OBSOLETE] 24-29 - Accompanying matter # - No accompanying matter a - Discography b - Bibliography c - Thematic index d - Libretto or text e - Biography of composer or author f - Biography of performer or history of ensemble g - Technical and/or historical information on instruments h - Technical information on music i - Historical information j - Historical information other than music [OBSOLETE] k - Ethnological information n - Not applicable [OBSOLETE] r - Instructional materials s - Music z - Other 30-31 - Literary text for sound recordings # - Item is a musical sound recording a - Autobiography b - Biography c - Conference proceedings d - Drama e - Essays f - Fiction g - Reporting h - History i - Instruction j - Language instruction k - Comedy l - Lectures, speeches m - Memoirs n - Not applicable o - Folktales p - Poetry r - Rehearsals s - Sounds t - Interviews z - Other 32 - Main entry in body of entry [OBSOLETE] 0 - Main entry not in body of entry 1 - Main entry in body of entry 32-34 - Undefined 008--SERIALS Character Positions 18 - Frequency # - No determinable frequency a - Annual b - Bimonthly c - Semiweekly d - Daily e - Biweekly f - Semiannual g - Biennial h - Triennial i - Three times a week j - Three times a month m - Monthly q - Quarterly s - Semimonthly t - Three times a year u - Unknown w - Weekly z - Other 19 - Regularity n - Normalized irregular r - Regular u - Unknown x - Completely irregular 20 - ISSN center # - No ISSN center code assigned 0 - International Center 1 - United States 2 - United Kingdom [OBSOLETE] 3 - Australia [OBSOLETE] 4 - Canada 5 - Moscow Regional Centre [OBSOLETE] 6 - Federal Republic of Germany [OBSOLETE] 7 - France [OBSOLETE] 8 - Argentina [OBSOLETE] 9 - Japan [OBSOLETE] u - Unknown [OBSOLETE] z - Other 21 - Type of serial # - None of the following m - Monographic series n - Newspaper p - Periodical 22 - Form of original item # - None of the following a - Microfilm b - Microfiche c - Microopaque d - Large print e - Newspaper format f - Braille g - Punched paper tape [OBSOLETE] h - Magnetic tape [OBSOLETE] i - Multimedia [OBSOLETE] x - Other physical medium [OBSOLETE] z - Other physical medium [OBSOLETE] 23 - Form of item # - None of the following a - Microfilm b - Microfiche c - Microopaque d - Large print f - Braille g - Punched paper tape [OBSOLETE] h - Magnetic tape [OBSOLETE] i - Multimedia [OBSOLETE] r - Regular print reproduction z - Other form of reproduction [OBSOLETE] 24 - Nature of entire work # - No specified nature of entire work a - Abstracts/summaries b - Bibliographies c - Catalogs d - Dictionaries e - Encyclopedias f - Handbooks g - Legal articles h - Biography i - Indexes k - Discographies l - Legislation m - Theses n - Surveys of literature in a subject area n - Legal cases and case notes [OBSOLETE] o - Reviews p - Programmed texts q - Filmographies r - Directories s - Statistics t - Technical reports v - Legal cases and case notes w - Law reports and digests y - Yearbooks [OBSOLETE] z - Treaties 25-27 - Nature of contents # - No specified nature of contents a - Abstracts/summaries b - Bibliographies c - Catalogs d - Dictionaries e - Encyclopedias f - Handbooks g - Legal articles h - Biography i - Indexes k - Discographies l - Legislation m - Theses n - Surveys of literature in a subject area n - Legal cases and case notes [OBSOLETE] o - Reviews p - Programmed texts q - Filmographies r - Directories s - Statistics t - Technical reports v - Legal cases and case notes w - Law reports and digests y - Yearbooks [OBSOLETE] z - Treaties 28 - Government publication # - Not a government publication a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component c - Multilocal f - Federal/national i - International intergovernmental l - Local m - Multistate n - Government publication--level undetermined [OBSOLETE] o - Government publication--level undetermined s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc. u - Unknown if item is government publication z - Other 29 - Conference publication 0 - Not a conference publication 1 - Conference publication 30-32 - Undefined 30 - Title page availability [OBSOLETE] # - No separate title page issued a - In last issue of volume, loose b - In last issue of volume, attached c - In first issue of next volume, loose d - In first issue of next volume, attached e - Published separately, free upon request f - Published separately, free, automatically sent g - Published separately, purchase, request u - Unknown z - Other title page availability 31 - Index availability [OBSOLETE] # - No index published a - Each issue contains index to its own contents (no volume index), loose b - In last issue of volume, loose, separately paged c - In last issue of volume, loose, unpaged d - In last issue of volume, attached e - In first issue of next volume, loose, separately paged f - In first issue of next volume, loose, unpaged g - In first issue of next volume, attached h - Published separately, free, automatically sent i - Published separately, free, upon request j - Published separately, bound from publisher, free, automatically sent k - Published separately, bound from publisher, free, upon request l - Received separately, bound from publisher m - Supplement or subseries, indexed in parent journal index u - Unknown z - Other index availability 32 - Cumulative index availability [OBSOLETE] 0 - No cumulative index available 1 - Cumulative index available u - Unknown 33 - Original alphabet or script of title # - No alphabet or script given/no key title a - Basic roman b - Extended roman c - Cyrillic d - Japanese e - Chinese f - Arabic g - Greek h - Hebrew i - Thai j - Devanagari k - Korean l - Tamil u - Unknown z - Other 34 - Successive/latest entry 0 - Successive entry 1 - Latest entry 008--VISUAL MATERIALS Character Positions 18-20 - Running time for motion pictures and videorecordings 000 - Running time exceeds three characters 001-999 - Running time --- - Running time unknown nnn - Not applicable 21 - Undefined 21 - In LC collection [OBSOLETE] # - Not in LC a - In LC, print note b - In LC, do not print note u - Unknown 22 - Target audience # - Unknown or not specified a - Preschool b - Primary c - Elementary and junior high d - Secondary (senior high) e - Adult f - Specialized g - General j - Juvenile 23-27 - Undefined; each contains a blank (#) or a fill ( | ) character 23-27 - Accompanying matter [OBSOLETE] # - No accompanying matter 0 - No [OBSOLETE] 1 - Yes [OBSOLETE] l - Stills m - Script material o - Posters p - Pressbooks q - Lobby cards r - Instructional materials s - Music z - Other 28 - Government publication # - Not a government publication a - Autonomous or semi-autonomous component c - Multilocal f - Federal/national i - International intergovernmental l - Local m - Multistate n - Government publication--level undetermined [OBSOLETE] o - Government publication--level undetermined s - State, provincial, territorial, dependent, etc. u - Unknown if item is government publication z - Other 29-32 - Undefined 32 - Main entry in body of entry [OBSOLETE] 0 - Main entry not in body of entry 1 - Main entry in body of entry 33 - Type of visual material a - Art original b - Kit c - Art reproduction d - Diorama e - Electronic videorecording [OBSOLETE] f - Filmstrip g - Game i - Picture k - Graphic l - Technical drawing m - Motion picture n - Chart o - Flash card p - Microscope slide q - Model r - Realia s - Slide t - Transparency v - Videorecording w - Toy z - Other 34 - Technique # - Not applicable [OBSOLETE] a - Animation c - Animation and live action l - Live action n - Not applicable u - Unknown z - Other technique 008--MIXED MATERIALS Character Positions 18-22 - Undefined 23 - Form of item # - None of the following a - Microfilm b - Microfiche c - Microopaque d - Large print f - Braille g - Punched paper tape [OBSOLETE] h - Magnetic tape [OBSOLETE] i - Multimedia [OBSOLETE] j - Handwritten transcript [OBSOLETE] p - Photocopy [OBSOLETE] r - Regular print reproduction t - Typewritten transcript [OBSOLETE] z - Other form of reproduction [OBSOLETE] 24-34 - Undefined 30 - Case file indicator [OBSOLETE] # - No case file exists c - Case file exists 32 - Processing status code [OBSOLETE] a - Collection not in library b - Completely processed c - Processed but with unprocessed additions d - Requires processing e - Totally unprocessed f - Under total cloture u - Unknown 33 - Collection status code [OBSOLETE] a - Discrete grouping of material b - Accession c - Active solicitation d - Solicitation unsuccessful e - Information file only u - Unknown 34 - Level of collection control code [OBSOLETE] a - Control on collection level b - Control by series c - Control by container d - Control by folder e - Control by item u - Unknown